The same series of Torx drivers is used to drive SAE, metric and other thread system fasteners, reducing the number of bit sizes required. Only the proper driver can drive a specific head size without risk of damaging the driver or screw. Common sizes include T10, T15, and T25, while T35 and T47 tend to see specialized use. A smaller number corresponds to a smaller point-to-point dimension of the screw head (diameter of circle circumscribed on the cross-section of the tip of the screw driver). But some manufacturers and resellers head sizes are also abbreviated using "TX" or "Tx" in front of the number. Torx head sizes are described using the capital letter "T" followed by a number ranging from T1 to T100. This property allows the head of the fastener to be smaller for the same required torque, which can be an advantage in applications where space to accommodate the head is limited. The magnitude of this force is proportional to the cotangent of the angle (depicted in orange) between the green circle and the contact plane.įor the Torx type of design, the angle is much closer to 90° than in the case of the hex head, and so for a given torque the potentially damaging radial force is much lower. If this radial force component is too great for the material to withstand, it will cause the corners to be rounded off one or both components or will split the sides of the female part. Because the plane of contact is not perpendicular to this circle, a radial force is also generated which tends to "burst" the female component and "crush" the male one. The green circle, passing through the six points of contact between the two components, represents the direction of the rotational force being exerted at each of those points. The clearance between the components is exaggerated for clarity. The diagram depicts the interaction between the male and female components of a conventional hex drive and a Torx drive. The Torx design allows for a higher torque to be exerted than a similarly sized conventional hex socket head without damaging the head or the tool. Rather than rely on the tool to slip out of the screw head when a desired torque level is reached (which risks damage to the driver tip, screw head, or workpiece), torque-limiting driver designs achieve a desired torque consistently. The development of better torque-limiting automatic screwdrivers for use in factories allowed this change. Whereas the tendency of Phillips drivers to cam out under excessive torque has been listed as a feature preventing damage to the screw-head or driver, Torx heads were designed to prevent cam-out. (Exaggerated for illustrational purposes)īy design, Torx head screws resist cam out better than Phillips head or slot head screws. Principles of operation The angle between the plane of contact between tool and fastener and the circumferentially directed force is much closer to 90° in a Torx type of head (lower) than in a conventional hex head (upper). Torx screws are also becoming increasingly popular in construction industries. Initially, they were sometimes used in applications requiring tamper resistance, since the drive systems and screwdrivers were not widely available as drivers became more common, tamper-resistant variants, as described below, were developed. Torx screws are commonly found on automobiles, motorcycles, bicycle brake systems ( disc brakes), hard disk drives, computer systems and consumer electronics. Torx Plus, Torx Paralobe and Torx ttap are improved head profiles. This is sometimes abbreviated in databases and catalogs as 6lobe (starting with the numeral 6, not the capital letter G). The official generic name, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 10664, is hexalobular internal. A popular generic name for the drive is star, as in star screwdriver or star bits. Torx (pronounced / t ɔːr k s/) is a trademark for a type of screw drive characterized by a 6-point star-shaped pattern, developed in 1967 by Camcar Textron. A Torx T8 screw head on a hard disk drive. JSTOR ( March 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī security Torx L-key and fastener with holes for a safety pin to hinder disassembly with an ordinary Torx key.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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